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.gtr-container-x7y2z9 { font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, "Times New Roman", Arial, sans-serif; color: #333; line-height: 1.6; padding: 15px; overflow-x: auto; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 p { font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left !important; word-break: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 strong { font-weight: bold; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 .gtr-heading-main { font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; color: #0000FF; margin-bottom: 1.5em; text-align: left; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 .gtr-heading-category { font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; color: #0000FF; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 .gtr-heading-item { font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-align: left; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 .gtr-section { margin-bottom: 2em; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 .gtr-item { margin-bottom: 1.5em; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 img { vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; } @media (min-width: 768px) { .gtr-container-x7y2z9 { padding: 25px; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 .gtr-heading-main { font-size: 20px; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 .gtr-heading-category { font-size: 18px; } } How many types of Coagulant? Organic Coagulants 1 Polydadmac (PDADMAC) Polydadmac (PDADMAC) is widely used as a flocculant in drinking water treatment, wastewater treatment and mining processes. Through charge neutralization and adsorption bridging mechanisms, PDADMAC destabilizes and flocculates suspended particles and negatively charged aqueous substances in water. It has remarkable effects in decolorization, algae killing and removal of organic matter. Similarly, the PDADMAC with NSF certification can be used for drinking water treatment. 2 Polyamine (PA) Poly(EPI-DMA), namely Polyamine (PA), is also an organic flocculant with excellent performance. When PA is used as a flocculant, its mechanism is electro-neutralization and adsorption bridging. Similarly, PA flocculants with NSF certification have a wide range of applications in drinking water treatment, especially with Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC). Inorganic Coagulants Inorganic flocculants are usually made of metal salts and have strong electrolytic reaction ability. When these flocculants dissolve in water, they release charged ions that neutralize the charge of the particles suspended in the water, thus encouraging the particles to aggregate into larger flocs. Common inorganic flocculants include Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC), Aluminum Sulfate, Ferric Chloride and so on. Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC) is an efficient inorganic flocculant, which is widely used in water treatment. It can effectively remove suspended matter, colloidal matter and organic pollutants in water through powerful electrolytic action and excellent flocculation performance. Polyaluminum chloride chemical is suitable for the treatment of drinking water, industrial wastewater, sewage and swimming pool water, with the advantages of low dose, high efficiency and environmental friendliness. Aluminium Chlorohydrate (ACH), similar to PAC, has superior charge neutralization ability and is a powerful coagulant and flocculant. Aluminum Sulfate (Alum): Alum is a traditional flocculant that has been used for decades. It is effective in treating drinking water and wastewater, but its use has declined due to the availability of more effective alternatives. Ferric Chloride: This inorganic flocculant is commonly used in wastewater treatment plants. It also effectively removes phosphates and heavy metals from water.

.gtr-container-x7y2z9 { font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, "Times New Roman", Arial, sans-serif; color: #333; line-height: 1.6; padding: 20px; margin: 0 auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 * { box-sizing: border-box; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 p { font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left !important; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 .gtr-title { font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; color: #0000FF; margin-bottom: 1.5em; text-align: left; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 .gtr-section-title { font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; color: #0000FF; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 ul, .gtr-container-x7y2z9 ol { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none !important; margin-bottom: 1em; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 ul li, .gtr-container-x7y2z9 ol li { position: relative; padding-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; list-style: none !important; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 ul li::before { content: "•" !important; position: absolute !important; left: 0 !important; color: #0000FF !important; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 ol { counter-reset: list-item; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 ol li::before { counter-increment: none; content: counter(list-item) "." !important; position: absolute !important; left: 0 !important; color: #0000FF !important; width: 18px; text-align: right; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 .gtr-table-wrapper { margin-bottom: 1em; overflow-x: auto; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse !important; border-spacing: 0 !important; margin: 0; font-size: 14px; min-width: 600px; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 th, .gtr-container-x7y2z9 td { border: 1px solid #ccc !important; padding: 8px 12px !important; text-align: left !important; vertical-align: top !important; word-break: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 th { font-weight: bold !important; background-color: #f0f0f0 !important; color: #333; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 tbody tr:nth-child(even) { background-color: #f9f9f9 !important; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 img { height: auto; margin-bottom: 1em; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 .gtr-faq-question { font-weight: bold; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; color: #0000FF; font-size: 14px; text-align: left; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 .gtr-contact-info, .gtr-container-x7y2z9 .gtr-call-to-action { font-weight: bold; color: #0000FF; font-size: 14px; } @media (min-width: 768px) { .gtr-container-x7y2z9 { padding: 30px; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 .gtr-title { font-size: 20px; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 .gtr-section-title { font-size: 18px; } .gtr-container-x7y2z9 table { min-width: auto; } } What is the difference between Polyaluminium Chloride and Aluminium Chlorohydrate In the water treatment industry, Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) and Aluminium Chlorohydrate (ACH) are two commonly used high-efficiency coagulants that are often compared. While they share similarities in appearance and application scope, they differ significantly in chemical structure, flocculation mechanisms, treatment efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. For procurement managers of large-scale water treatment projects, understanding the differences between PAC and ACH is essential, as it directly affects treatment performance, cost control, and regulatory compliance. This article provides a comprehensive comparison of these two coagulants—covering chemical properties, treatment performance, application scenarios, and procurement considerations—to help buyers make informed and rational decisions. Let’s dive into a detailed comparison and uncover the strengths and limitations of PAC and ACH in modern water treatment. Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) is an inorganic polymer coagulant produced by hydrolysis and polymerization of aluminum salts under controlled conditions. It is a highly efficient coagulant that works by forming positively charged polymeric aluminum ions through hydrolysis, which neutralize charges, destabilize suspended solids, and promote the formation of flocs. Aluminium Chlorohydrate (ACH) Aluminium Chlorohydrate (ACH) is a high-concentration, pre-hydrolyzed aluminum coagulant typically found in colorless to light yellow liquid or powder form. It consists mainly of highly polymerized hydroxy-aluminum ions and is known for its very high basicity and excellent charge neutralization. Advantages of ACH: High basicity—requires minimal pH adjustment, reducing pH correction costs. Strong adaptability—performs better in low-temperature, low-turbidity conditions, ideal for winter or challenging scenarios. Lower residual aluminum—produces water with less aluminum residue, essential for drinking water safety. Stable liquid formula—has a longer shelf life than PAC solutions. High purity—suitable for sensitive industries like pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, and beverage. Chemical and Performance Differences Feature Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) Aluminium Chlorohydrate (ACH) Basicity 40–70% ≥80% Al₂O₃ Content 10–18% liquid / ~30% powder 23–24% Form Powder, granule, liquid Primarily liquid pH Range 5–9 5–9 (better in cold water) Sludge Production Moderate Lower sludge volume Residual Aluminum Low Very low Stability Powder very stable, liquid less so Liquid highly stable Cost Lower, widely used Higher, premium-grade Main Uses Municipal & industrial, wastewater Drinking water, pharma, cosmetics, ultrapure water FAQ What’s the difference between ACH and PAC? PAC and ACH are both efficient aluminum-based coagulants. ACH is a high-concentration, high-basicity variant of PAC with higher Al13 content and stronger charge neutralization. It requires lower dosage and leaves less residual aluminum. PAC is more cost-effective and versatile, widely used in municipal and industrial wastewater, while ACH’s higher basicity and lower residuals make it ideal for drinking water and premium applications. Which is better for drinking water: PAC or ACH? ACH is usually better for drinking water due to its lower residual aluminum and minimal pH impact at low dosages. PAC is also suitable, especially for large-scale municipal systems where cost-effectiveness is critical. Does ACH reduce residual aluminum better than PAC? Yes. ACH’s high basicity and polymerization allow for more efficient aluminum ion removal during treatment, significantly lowering residual aluminum levels in treated water. It is the preferred choice for high-standard potable water treatment. Conclusion Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) and Aluminium Chlorohydrate (ACH) are two vital aluminum-based coagulants, each with distinct advantages in the water treatment industry. Choosing between them depends on specific treatment goals. PAC remains the top choice for large-scale, cost-sensitive projects due to its affordability and wide applicability. ACH offers superior efficiency, lower residuals, and higher stability—making it the ideal solution for drinking water and specialized high-end industries. For buyers, the decision should consider water quality, performance targets, cost control, compliance requirements, and supply chain reliability. A well-informed selection between PAC and ACH ensures effective treatment, economic feasibility, and sustainable operations. OYI provides customized PAC and related water treatment chemicals (PAM, SDIC, TCCA) to global industrial clients. Backed by a 3,000 m² factory, ample inventory, and fast delivery, we help you achieve safe, compliant, and cost-effective water treatment solutions. Contact: oyi@oyipolymer.com Request samples, technical datasheets, and bulk procurement support.

Advantages of PAC Over Traditional Coagulants Stronger Coagulation Performance PAC is a high-molecular inorganic polymer containing polyhydroxy aluminum ions (e.g., Al₁₃, Al₁₅), with higher charge density and stronger charge neutralization capacity. It can more quickly neutralize the negative charges on suspended particles and promote rapid floc formation. Even under low turbidity or low temperature conditions, it maintains stable performance. In contrast, traditional agents like aluminum sulfate react more slowly, produce smaller and looser flocs, and offer less stable treatment results.   Wider PH Range PAC remains effective within a pH range of 5.0–9.0, while traditional coagulants often operate within narrower ranges (typically 6.5–7.5). This makes PAC more flexible and stable when treating various types of raw water (acidic, alkaline, industrial), reducing the need for frequent pH adjustments and lowering operational complexity and chemical costs.   Lower Dosage and Less Sludge Thanks to PAC’s high active content and strong reactivity, the required dosage is only 30%–60% of traditional coagulants for the same treatment effect. Additionally, the aluminum hydroxide flocs formed by PAC are dense and stable, resulting in significantly reduced sludge volume after settling and lower sludge dewatering and disposal costs.   Clearer Water and Higher Removal Rates The flocs formed by PAC settle faster and remove particles more thoroughly. It significantly improves the removal rate of turbidity, color, organics, iron, manganese, and other impurities, producing clearer and more transparent water. The resulting flocs are larger and denser, with excellent filtration performance, reducing the load on downstream filtration equipment.   Lower Corrosiveness and Longer Equipment Life Compared to ferric chloride and other traditional coagulants, PAC’s hydrolysis products are milder and less corrosive to metal equipment, coagulation tanks, and pipelines. This helps extend equipment lifespan and reduce maintenance costs. Environmentally and Health FriendlyPAC contains low residual aluminum and does not significantly alter water pH during treatment. Its flocs are easy to separate and pose no secondary pollution risk, meeting international drinking water standards (such as WHO, EPA, GB). Its coagulation by-products have minimal environmental impact, making it more suitable for drinking water and food industry water applications. Property / Coagulant PAC (Polyaluminium Chloride) Alum (Al₂(SO₄)₃) Ferric Chloride (FeCl₃) Effective pH Range 4–9 5.5–7.5 3–6 Floc Formation Speed Fast Moderate Slow Sludge Volume Low High High Residual Metal Low Higher Al³⁺ High Fe³⁺ Temperature Sensitivity Low High High Storage Stability Excellent Poor Moderate Cost Efficiency High Medium Medium Typical Dosage 30–70 mg/L 60–150 mg/L 80–120 mg/L Conclusion Polyaluminium chloride (PAC) has proven to be one of the most effective and reliable coagulants in modern water treatment. Its superior charge neutralization ability, broad pH adaptability, and low sludge production make it an ideal replacement for traditional coagulants like alum or iron salts. For large-scale water treatment plants and industrial users seeking stable performance, low operating costs, and long-term system reliability, PAC offers an outstanding and forward-looking solution.   Call to Action Looking for a reliable bulk supplier of Polyaluminium Chloride?   Contact Kesen from OYI now for technical data, samples, or a customized quote.   Email: oyi@oyipolymer.com whatsapp 8618795697338 Brand: OYI– Your Trusted Partner in Water Treatment Solutions.

How to Properly Use PAC Determine the Optimal Dosage The PAC dosage should be determined based on water quality and experimental results. Typically, a jar test is conducted: PAC is added at different concentrations to observe the floc formation rate and water clarity. In general, 10–50 mg/L is used for drinking water treatment, and 30–200 mg/L for industrial wastewater treatment. The optimal dose should form dense flocs quickly and achieve the lowest turbidity. Overdosing can lead to residual aluminum ions or renewed turbidity, so precise dosing is critical.   Pre-dilution To ensure full reaction and even dispersion of PAC, it should be pre-diluted before dosing. Typically:   For industrial wastewater treatment: prepare a 5%–10% solution. For drinking water treatment: prepare a 1%–3% solution. Use clean water for dilution and stir thoroughly to avoid clumping or sedimentation. The solution should be prepared as needed to prevent hydrolysis or precipitation over time.   PH Adjustment PAC performs best in a pH range of 5.0–9.0, with 6.5–7.5 being ideal. If the raw water is too acidic, lime or sodium carbonate can be added. If too alkaline, dilute sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid can be used for neutralization. Proper pH not only improves coagulation efficiency but also reduces residual aluminum and enhances water quality stability.   Mixing and Flocculation After PAC is added, it goes through two stages: rapid mixing and slow flocculation.   Rapid Mixing (200–300 rpm, ~1 minute): Ensures thorough contact between the coagulant and suspended particles to complete charge neutralization. Slow Flocculation (30–60 rpm, ~5–10 minutes): Promotes adsorption bridging and floc growth, gradually forming larger flocs. Controlling stirring speed and time during this process helps produce dense flocs with good settling properties.   Sedimentation and Filtration After floc formation, the process moves to sedimentation, where larger flocs settle to the bottom under gravity, completing solid-liquid separation. Sedimentation usually takes 30–60 minutes, depending on floc size and water temperature. The supernatant then undergoes sand filtration or membrane filtration to remove fine particles and residual impurities, yielding clear water.   This step significantly improves water clarity and safety, meeting standards for drinking or industrial reuse.

What is Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC)? Polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is an inorganic polymer coagulant composed of aluminum ions, hydroxide ions, and chloride ions. Its chemical formula can be represented as [Al₂(OH)ₙCl₆₋ₙ]ₘ, where the degree of polymerization and basicity determine its strength and application range. Unlike traditional aluminum sulfate (alum), PAC contains pre-polymerized aluminum species (mainly Al13), which enhances its charge density and coagulation efficiency.   Common Forms: Powdered PAC: Light yellow solid with high purity, suitable for drinking water and industrial wastewater treatment. White PAC: Food-grade or high-purity PAC, suitable for high-purity water such as drinking water. Liquid PAC: Yellow transparent solution, convenient for metering in industrial applications and suitable for continuous processes. Each specification is tailored for different industry needs—from municipal plants to mining operations. How PAC Works as a Coagulant The working mechanism of PAC as a coagulant involves several key steps, each playing a crucial role in water treatment:   Charge Neutralization Suspended particles in water are usually negatively charged, which causes them to repel each other and prevents aggregation. Once dissolved in water, PAC hydrolyzes to form various aluminum hydroxide complex ions, such as Al(OH)²⁺ and Al₂(OH)₂⁴⁺, which carry strong positive charges. These quickly neutralize the surface charges of suspended particles, reducing electrostatic repulsion and allowing the particles to stabilize and prepare for aggregation.   Adsorption and Bridging After charge neutralization, hydroxide complexes in PAC molecules undergo adsorption reactions with the particles. These complexes can bridge between different particles via molecular chains, forming a “bridging” effect that gradually aggregates small particles into larger flocs. This stage often determines the initial structure and stability of the flocs.   Enmeshment or Sweep Flocculation At higher dosages or lower pH conditions, PAC forms aluminum hydroxide colloids (Al(OH)₃) in water. These floc-like precipitates have strong adsorption and enmeshment capabilities, acting like a “net” to sweep suspended particles, colloids, and organic impurities into settling. This “sweep flocculation” mechanism is especially effective in treating highly turbid water or industrial wastewater.   Floc Formation and Sedimentation After adsorption and bridging, numerous fine particles form dense and larger flocs. Through slow stirring and other physical actions, the flocs continue to collide and aggregate, becoming larger and heavier, eventually settling under gravity and producing clear water on top. The effectiveness of this stage determines the clarity and solid-liquid separation efficiency of the water treatment.   Filtration and Clarification Even after sedimentation, tiny particles may remain in the water. Through sand filtration or other fine filtration steps, these residual suspended solids and fine flocs can be effectively removed, resulting in high-clarity water with low impurity content.   These steps make PAC a highly efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly coagulant, widely used in drinking water purification, industrial wastewater treatment, and municipal sewage systems.

How to Remove Suspended Particles Using Coagulation and Flocculation? Coagulation and flocculation are important processes used in water and wastewater treatment plants to remove suspended particles from water. They are often used together to effectively remove particulates that would otherwise cause the water to be turbid or colored. We explain what coagulation and flocculation are, how they work, and the typical steps involved in using them to clarify water. Typical Coagulation and Flocculation Process The typical process for coagulation and flocculation in a water treatment plant involves the following steps:   1. Coagulant dosing - The coagulant (e.g. aluminum sulfate) is added and rapidly mixed with the water. This allows dispersion of the coagulant and immediate particle destabilization.   2. Flash mixing - The water is quickly mixed to promote coagulant dispersion and uniform particle destabilization. This rapid mixing also distributes the coagulant evenly for consistent treatment.   3. Flocculation - The water then goes through a period of gentle but constant mixing for flocculation. The floc particles collide, aggregate, and grow in size during this slow mixing process.   4. Sedimentation - The water flows into sedimentation basins where the heavy flocs settle out by gravity and are removed.   5. Filtration - The clarified water often undergoes additional granular media filtration to capture any remaining flocs and particulates.   6. pH correction - Acids or bases may need to be added after coagulation to readjust the final pH for distribution.   Conclusion   Coagulation and Flocculation using chemicals like aluminum sulfate is an important treatment process used to aggregate suspended particles in water into larger flocs for effective removal. Coagulation destabilizes the particle charges while flocculation causes collisions and aggregation through gentle mixing. With proper implementation, these processes can clarify turbid water by generating floc formations that settle out, producing a cleaner effluent for supply.